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- Path: bloom-beacon.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!faqserv
- From: mark@ncar.ucar.edu (Mark Bradford)
- Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space.tech,sci.space.science,sci.space.shuttle,sci.answers,news.answers
- Subject: Astro/Space Frequently Seen Acronyms
- Supersedes: <space/acronyms_765968223@rtfm.mit.edu>
- Followup-To: poster
- Date: 14 Apr 1994 19:31:50 GMT
- Organization: LifeForms Unlimited, Cephalopods
- Lines: 459
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: 28 May 1994 19:30:38 GMT
- Message-ID: <space/acronyms_766351838@rtfm.mit.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: bloom-picayune.mit.edu
- Keywords: long space astro tla acronyms
- X-Last-Updated: 1994/04/13
- Originator: faqserv@bloom-picayune.MIT.EDU
- Xref: bloom-beacon.mit.edu sci.astro:30259 sci.space.tech:1446 sci.space.science:400 sci.space.shuttle:7182 sci.answers:1083 news.answers:18055
-
- Archive-name: space/acronyms
- Edition: 10
-
- Acronym List for sci.astro, sci.space, and sci.space.shuttle:
- Edition 9, 1994 Apr 12
- Last posted: 1993 Feb 2
-
- (Yes! A new version! I'm BAAAAAACK!)
-
- This list is offered as a reference for translating commonly appearing
- acronyms in the space-related newsgroups. If I forgot or botched your
- favorite acronym, please let me know! Also, if there's an acronym *not*
- on this list that confuses you, drop me a line, and if I can figure
- it out, I'll add it to the list.
-
- Note that this is intended to be a reference for *frequently seen*
- acronyms, and is most emphatically *not* encyclopedic. If I incorporated
- every acronym I ever saw, I'd soon run out of disk space! :-)
-
- The list will be posted at regular intervals, every 30 days. All
- comments regarding it are welcome; I'm reachable as mark@ncar.ucar.edu.
-
- Note that this just tells what the acronyms stand for -- you're on your
- own for figuring out what they *mean*! Note also that the total number of
- acronyms in use far exceeds what I can list; special-purpose acronyms that
- are essentially always explained as they're introduced are omitted.
- Further, some acronyms stand for more than one thing; as of Edition 3 of
- the list, these acronyms appear on multiple lines, unless they're simply
- different ways of referring to the same thing.
-
- Thanks to everybody who's sent suggestions since the first version of
- the list, and especially to Daniel Fischer (p515dfi@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de),
- who is maintaining a truly HUGE list (over 800 at last count) of acronyms and
- terms, mostly in German (which I read, fortunately), and Ken Hollis at
- NASA, who has sent me copies of NASA's own tomes of TLAs.
-
- A&A: Astronomy and Astrophysics
- AAO: Anglo-Australian Observatory
- AAS: American Astronomical Society
- AAS: American Astronautical Society
- AAVSO: American Association of Variable Star Observers
- ACE: Advanced Composition Explorer
- ACRV: Assured Crew Return Vehicle (or) Astronaut Crew Rescue Vehicle
- ADFRF: Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility (now DFRC) (NASA)
- AGN: Active Galactic Nucleus
- AGU: American Geophysical Union
- AIAA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- AIPS: Astronomical Image Processing System
- AJ: Astronomical Journal
- ALEXIS: Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors
- ALPO: Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers
- ALS: Advanced Launch System
- ANSI: American National Standards Institute
- AOA: Abort Once Around (Shuttle abort plan)
- AOCS: Attitude and Orbit Control System
- Ap.J: Astrophysical Journal
- APM: Attached Pressurized Module (a.k.a. Columbus)
- APU: Auxiliary Power Unit
- ARC: Ames Research Center (NASA)
- ARC: Astrophysical Research Consortium
- ARTEMIS: Advanced Relay TEchnology MISsion
- ASA: Astronomical Society of the Atlantic
- ASI: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
- ASP: Astronomical Society of the Pacific
- ASRM: Advanced Solid Rocket Motor
- ATDRS: Advanced Tracking and Data Relay Satellite
- ATLAS: Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science
- ATM: Amateur Telescope Maker
- ATO: Abort To Orbit (Shuttle abort plan)
- AU: Astronomical Unit
- AURA: Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy
- AW&ST: Aviation Week and Space Technology (a.k.a. AvLeak)
- AXAF: Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility
- BAe: British Aerospace
- BATSE: Burst And Transient Source Experiment (on CGRO)
- BBXRT: Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope (ASTRO package)
- BDB: Big Dumb Booster
- BEM: Bug-Eyed Monster
- BH: Black Hole
- BIMA: Berkeley Illinois Maryland Array
- BMDO: Ballistic Missile Defense Office (was SDIO)
- BNSC: British National Space Centre
- BTW: By The Way
- CARA: Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica
- C&T: Communications & Tracking
- CCAFS: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
- CCD: Charge-Coupled Device
- CCDS: Centers for the Commercial Development of Space
- CD-ROM: Compact Disc Read-Only Memory
- CFA: Center For Astrophysics
- CFC: ChloroFluoroCarbon
- CFF: Columbus Free Flyer
- CFHT: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope
- CG: Center of Gravity
- CGRO: (Arthur Holley) Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (was GRO)
- CHARA: Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy
- CIRRIS: Cryogenic InfraRed Radiance Instrument for Shuttle
- CIT: Circumstellar Imaging Telescope
- CM: Command Module (Apollo spacecraft)
- CM: Center of Mass
- CMCC: Central Mission Control Centre (ESA)
- CNES: Centre National d'Etude Spatiales
- CNO: Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen
- CNSR: Comet Nucleus Sample Return
- COBE: COsmic Background Explorer
- COMPTEL: COMPton TELescope (on CGRO)
- COSTAR: Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement
- CRAF: Comet Rendezvous / Asteroid Flyby
- CRRES: Combined Release / Radiation Effects Satellite
- CSM: Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft)
- CSTC: Consolidated Satellite Test Center (USAF)
- CTIO: Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory
- DC: Delta Clipper
- DCX: Delta Clipper eXperimental
- DDCU: DC-to-DC Converter Unit
- DDTE: Design, Development, Test, and Evaluation
- DFRC: Dryden Flight Research Center
- DFRF: Dryden Flight Research Facility (was ADFRF, now DFRC)
- DMSP: Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
- DOD: Department Of Defense (sometimes DoD)
- DOE: Department Of Energy
- DOT: Department Of Transportation
- DSCS: Defense Satellite Communications System
- DSN: Deep Space Network
- DSP: Defense Support Program (USAF/NRO)
- EAFB: Edwards Air Force Base
- ECS: Environmental Control System
- EDO: Extended Duration Orbiter
- EGRET: Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (on CGRO)
- EJASA: Electronic Journal of the Astronomical Society of the Atlantic
- ELV: Expendable Launch Vehicle
- EMU: Extravehicular Mobility Unit
- EOS: Earth Observing System
- ER: Eastern Range (was ETR)
- ERS: Earth Resources Satellite (as in ERS-1)
- ESA: European Space Agency
- ESIS: European Space Information System
- ESO: European Southern Observatory
- ET: (Shuttle) External Tank
- ETLA: Extended Three Letter Acronym
- ETR: Eastern Test Range
- EUV: Extreme UltraViolet
- EUVE: Extreme UltraViolet Explorer
- EVA: ExtraVehicular Activity
- FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions
- FAST: Fast Auroral SnapshoT explorer
- FFT: Fast Fourier Transform
- FGS: Fine Guidance Sensors (on HST)
- FHST: Fixed Head Star Trackers (on HST)
- FIR: Far InfraRed
- FITS: Flexible Image Transport System
- FOC: Faint Object Camera (on HST)
- FOS: Faint Object Spectrograph (on HST)
- FRC: Flight Research Center (old name for DFRC)
- FRR: Flight-Readiness Review
- FTP: File Transfer Protocol
- FTS: Flight Telerobotic Servicer
- FUSE: Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer
- FWHM: Full Width at Half Maximum
- FYI: For Your Information
- GAS: Get-Away Special
- GBT: Green Bank Telescope
- GCVS: General Catalog of Variable Stars
- GEM: Giotto Extended Mission
- GEO: Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
- GDS: Great Dark Spot
- GHRS: Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (on HST)
- GIF: Graphics Interchange Format
- GLOMR: Global Low-Orbiting Message Relay
- GMC: Giant Molecular Cloud
- GMRT: Giant Meter-wave Radio Telescope
- GMT: Greenwich Mean Time (also called UT)
- GOES: Geostationary Orbiting Environmental Satellite
- GOX: Gaseous OXygen
- GPC: General Purpose Computer
- GPS: Global Positioning System
- GRO: Gamma Ray Observatory (now CGRO)
- GRS: Gamma Ray Spectrometer (on Mars Observer)
- GRS: Great Red Spot
- GSC: Guide Star Catalog (for HST)
- GSFC: Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA)
- GTO: Geostationary Transfer Orbit
- HAO: High Altitude Observatory
- HD: Henry Draper catalog entry
- HEAO: High Energy Astronomical Observatory
- HeRA: Hermes Robotic Arm
- HF: High Frequency
- HGA: High Gain Antenna
- HLC: Heavy Lift Capability
- HLV: Heavy Lift Vehicle
- HMC: Halley Multicolor Camera (on Giotto)
- HOTOL: HOrizontal TakeOff and Landing (a proposed SSTO craft)
- HR: Hertzsprung-Russell (diagram)
- HRMS: High Resolution Microwave Survey
- HRI: High Resolution Imager (on ROSAT)
- HSP: High Speed Photometer (on HST)
- HST: Hubble Space Telescope
- HTHL: Horizontal Takeoff Horizontal Landing
- HTVL: Horizontal Takeoff Vertical Landing
- HUT: Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (ASTRO package)
- HV: High Voltage
- IAPPP: International Amateur/Professional Photoelectric Photometry
- IAU: International Astronomical Union
- IAUC: IAU Circular
- ICE: International Cometary Explorer
- IDA: International Dark-sky Association
- IDL: Interactive Data Language
- IGM: InterGalactic Medium
- IGY: International Geophysical Year
- IMHO: In My Humble Opinion
- IMO: International Meteor Organization
- IOTA: Infrared-Optical Telescope Array
- IOTA: International Occultation Timing Association
- IPS: Inertial Pointing System
- IR: InfraRed
- IRAF: Image Reduction and Analysis Facility
- IRAS: InfraRed Astronomical Satellite
- IRFNA: Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid
- ISAS: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (Japan)
- ISM: InterStellar Medium
- ISO: Infrared Space Observatory
- ISO: International Standards Organization
- ISPM: International Solar Polar Mission (now Ulysses)
- ISY: International Space Year
- IUE: International Ultraviolet Explorer
- IUS: Inertial Upper Stage
- JEM: Japanese Experiment Module (for SSF)
- JGR: Journal of Geophysical Research
- JILA: Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics
- JPL: Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- JSC: Johnson Space Center (NASA)
- KAO: Kuiper Airborne Observatory
- KPNO: Kitt Peak National Observatory
- KSC: Kennedy Space Center (NASA)
- KTB: Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary (from German)
- LANL: Los Alamos National Laboratory
- LaRC: Langley Research Center (NASA)
- LDEF: Long Duration Exposure Facility
- LEM: Lunar Excursion Module (a.k.a. LM) (Apollo spacecraft)
- LEO: Low Earth Orbit
- LeRC: Lewis Research Center (NASA)
- LEST: Large Earth-based Solar Telescope
- LFSA: List of Frequently Seen Acronyms (!)
- LGA: Low Gain Antenna
- LGM: Little Green Men
- LH: Liquid Hydrogen (also LH2 or LHX)
- LLNL: Lawrence-Livermore National Laboratory
- LM: Lunar Module (a.k.a. LEM) (Apollo spacecraft)
- LMC: Large Magellanic Cloud
- LN2: Liquid N2 (Nitrogen)
- LOX: Liquid OXygen
- LPO: La Palma Observatory
- LRB: Liquid Rocket Booster
- LSR: Local Standard of Rest
- LTP: Lunar Transient Phenomenon
- MACRO: Monopoles, Astrophysics, and Cosmic Ray Observatory
- MB: Manned Base
- MCC: Mission Control Center
- MECO: Main Engine CutOff
- MMH: MonoMethyl Hydrazine
- MMT: Multiple Mirror Telescope
- MMU: Manned Maneuvering Unit
- MNRAS: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- MOC: Mars Observer Camera (on Mars Observer)
- MOL: Manned Orbiting Laboratory
- MOLA: Mars Observer Laser Altimeter (on Mars Observer)
- MOMV: Manned Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle
- MOTV: Manned Orbital Transfer Vehicle
- MPC: Minor Planets Circular
- MRSR: Mars Rover and Sample Return
- MRSRM: Mars Rover and Sample Return Mission
- MSFC: (George C.) Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA)
- MTC: Man Tended Capability
- NACA: National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (became NASA)
- NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NASDA: NAtional Space Development Agency (Japan)
- NASM: National Air and Space Museum
- NASP: National AeroSpace Plane
- NBS: National Bureau of Standards (now NIST)
- NDV: NASP Derived Vehicle
- NERVA: Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application
- NGC: New General Catalog
- NICMOS: Near Infrared Camera / Multi Object Spectrometer (HST upgrade)
- NIMS: Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (on Galileo)
- NIR: Near InfraRed
- NIST: National Institute for Standards and Technology (was NBS)
- NLDP: National Launch Development Program
- NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- NOAO: National Optical Astronomy Observatories
- NORAD: NORth American aerospace Defense
- NRAO: National Radio Astronomy Observatory
- NRO: National Reconnaissance Office
- NS: Neutron Star
- NSA: National Security Agency
- NSF: National Science Foundation
- NSO: National Solar Observatory
- NSSDC: National Space Science Data Center
- NTR: Nuclear Thermal Rocket(ry)
- NTT: New Technology Telescope
- OAO: Orbiting Astronomical Observatory
- OCST: Office of Commercial Space Transportation
- OMB: Office of Management and Budget
- OMS: Orbital Maneuvering System
- OPF: Orbiter Processing Facility
- ORFEUS: Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer
- OSC: Orbital Sciences Corporation
- OSCAR: Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio
- OSSA: Office of Space Science and Applications
- OSSE: Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (on CGRO)
- OTA: Optical Telescope Assembly (on HST)
- OTHB: Over The Horizon Backscatter
- OTV: Orbital Transfer Vehicle
- OV: Orbital Vehicle
- PAM: Payload Assist Module
- PAM-D: Payload Assist Module, Delta-class
- PDS: Planetary Data System
- PI: Principal Investigator
- PLSS: Portable Life Support System
- PM: Pressurized Module
- PMC: Permanently Manned Capability
- PMIRR: Pressure Modulated InfraRed Radiometer (on Mars Observer)
- PMT: PhotoMultiplier Tube
- PSF: Point Spread Function
- PSR: PulSaR
- PV: Photovoltaic
- PVO: Pioneer Venus Orbiter
- QSO: Quasi-Stellar Object
- RASC: Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
- RCI: Rodent Cage Interface (for SLS mission)
- RCS: Reaction Control System
- REM: Rat Enclosure Module (for SLS mission)
- RF: Radio Frequency
- RFI: Radio Frequency Interference
- RFNA: Red Fuming Nitric Acid
- RIACS: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science
- RMS: Remote Manipulator System
- RNGC: Revised New General Catalog
- ROSAT: ROentgen SATellite
- ROUS: Rodents Of Unusual Size (I don't believe they exist)
- RSN: Real Soon Now
- RTG: Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator
- RTLS: Return To Launch Site (Shuttle abort plan)
- SAA: South Atlantic Anomaly
- SAGA: Solar Array Gain Augmentation (for HST)
- SAMPEX: Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle EXplorer
- SAO: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
- SAR: Search And Rescue
- SAR: Synthetic Aperture Radar
- SARA: Satellite pour Astronomie Radio Amateur
- SAREX: Search and Rescue Exercise
- SAREX: Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment
- SAS: Space Activity Suit
- SAS: Space Adaptation Syndrome
- SAT: Synthetic Aperture Telescope
- S/C: SpaceCraft
- SCA: Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
- SCT: Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope
- SDI: Strategic Defense Initiative
- SDIO: Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (now BMDO)
- SEI: Space Exploration Initiative
- SEST: Swedish ESO Submillimeter Telescope
- SETI: Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence
- SID: Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance
- SIR: Shuttle Imaging Radar
- SIRTF: Space (formerly Shuttle) InfraRed Telescope Facility
- SL: SpaceLab
- SLAR: Side-Looking Airborne Radar
- SLC: Space Launch Complex
- SLS: Space(lab) Life Sciences
- SMC: Small Magellanic Cloud
- SME: Solar Mesosphere Explorer
- SMEX: SMall EXplorers
- SMM: Solar Maximum Mission
- SN: SuperNova (e.g., SN1987A)
- SNR: Signal to Noise Ratio
- SNR: SuperNova Remnant
- SNU: Solar Neutrino Units
- SOFIA: Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy
- SOHO: SOlar Heliospheric Observatory
- SPAN: Space Physics and Analysis Network
- SPDM: Special Purpose Dextrous Manipulator
- SPOT: Systeme Probatoire pour l'Observation de la Terre
- SPS: Solar Power Satellite
- SRB: Solid Rocket Booster
- SRM: Solid Rocket Motor
- SSF: Space Station Fred (er, Freedom)
- SSI: Solid-State Imager (on Galileo)
- SSI: Space Studies Institut
- SSME: Space Shuttle Main Engine
- SSPF: Space Station Processing Facility
- SSPS: Sky Survey Prototype System
- SSRMS: Space Station Remote Manipulator System
- SSRT: Single Stage Rocket Technology
- SST: Spectroscopic Survey Telescope
- SST: SuperSonic Transport
- SSTO: Single Stage To Orbit
- STIS: Space Telescope Imaging Spectrometer (to replace FOC and GHRS)
- STS: Shuttle Transport System (or) Space Transportation System
- STScI: Space Telescope Science Institute
- SWAS: Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite
- SWF: ShortWave Fading
- TAL: Transatlantic Abort Landing (Shuttle abort plan)
- TAU: Thousand Astronomical Unit (mission)
- TCS: Thermal Control System
- TDRS: Tracking and Data Relay Satellite
- TDRSS: Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
- TEA: Torque Equilibrium Attitude
- TES: Thermal Emission Spectrometer (on Mars Observer)
- TIROS: Television InfraRed Observation Satellite
- TLA: Three Letter Acronym
- TOMS: Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
- TOPS: Toward Other Planetary Systems
- TPS: Thermal Protection System
- TSS: Targeted Search System
- TSS: Tethered Satellite System
- TSTO: Two Stage To Orbit (also 2STO)
- UARS: Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
- UBM: Unpressurized Berthing Mechanism
- UDMH: Unsymmetrical DiMethyl Hydrazine
- UFO: Unidentified Flying Object
- UGC: Uppsala General Catalog
- UHF: Ultra High Frequency
- UIT: Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (Astro package)
- UKST: United Kingdom Schmidt Telescope
- USAF: United States Air Force
- USMP: United States Microgravity Payload
- UT: Universal Time (a.k.a. GMT, or Zulu Time; cf UTC)
- UTC: Coordinated Universal Time (subtly different from UT)
- UV: UltraViolet
- UVS: UltraViolet Spectrometer
- VAB: Vehicle Assembly Building (formerly Vertical Assembly Building)
- VAFB: Vandenberg Air Force Base
- VEEGA: Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist (Galileo flight path)
- VHF: Very High Frequency
- VLA: Very Large Array
- VLBA: Very Long Baseline Array
- VLBI: Very Long Baseline Interferometry
- VLF: Very Low Frequency
- VLT: Very Large Telescope
- VMS: Vertical Motion Simulator
- VOIR: Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar (superseded by VRM)
- VPF: Vertical Processing Facility
- VRM: Venus Radar Mapper (now called Magellan)
- VTHL: Vertical Takeoff Horizontal Landing
- VTVL: Vertical Takeoff Vertical Landing
- WD: White Dwarf
- WFPC: Wide Field / Planetary Camera (on HST)
- WFPCII: Replacement for WFPC
- WIYN: Wisconsin / Indiana / Yale / NOAO telescope
- WR: Western Range (was WTR)
- WSMR: White Sands Missile Range
- WTR: Western Test Range
- WUPPE: Wisconsin Ultraviolet PhotoPolarimter Experiment (Astro package)
- XMM: X-ray Multi Mirror
- XUV: eXtreme UltraViolet
- YSO: Young Stellar Object
-
- -- Mark Bradford (mark@ncar.ucar.edu) <> To err is human, to moo bovine.
- "He that hath need of a dog, calleth him `Sir Dog.'"
-